最新试验表明：中国的“穿地武器”可摧毁任何已知的地下核掩体！
By 南华早报
China has built a new research facility to simulate an attack by nuclear bunker-busting weapons and learn how they damage defence facilities, even those built at extreme depths, according to military scientists involved in the project.
据参与该项目的军事科学家称，中国已经建造了一个新的研究设施来模拟核掩体破坏武器的攻击，并了解它们如何破坏防御设施，甚至是那些建在极深的防御设施。
In the past, shelters buried several hundred metres deep were rated nuclear-proof but the Chinese test facility shows that a tunnel more than 2km (1.24 miles) under the surface could be destroyed, according to the researchers.
据研究人员称，过去，埋在数百米深的避难所被评为防核设施，但中国的试验表明，地表以下超过 2 公里（1.24 英里）的隧道可能会被摧毁。
In one test, the simulated tunnel almost crumbled after taking hits the effective equivalent of five consecutive strikes by earth-penetrating nuclear weapons, an outcome that would have once been considered impossible.
在一次测试中，模拟隧道在受到相当于连续五次穿透地球的核武器的有效打击后几乎崩溃，这一结果曾经被认为是不可能的。
For instance, the Cheyenne Mountain Complex, home to the North American Aerospace Defence Command, was dubbed by the US military as the “most secure facility in the world” because it was protected by granite above more than 500 metres (1,600 feet) thick.
例如，北美航空航天防御司令部所在地夏延山综合体被美军称为“世界上最安全的设施”，因为它受到超过 500 米（1,600 英尺）厚的花岗岩的保护。
The Russian government’s doomsday shelter was buried 300 metres deep in the Ural Mountains. West of Beijing, China’s Joint Battle Command Centre, for extra precaution, was built in natural karst caves about 2km underground.
俄罗斯政府的末日庇护所被埋在乌拉尔山脉300米深处。在北京以西，中国的联合作战指挥中心，则格外小心，建在地下约 2 公里的天然溶洞中。
Openly available information suggests most ground-penetrating weapons could not reach a depth beyond 40 metres (130 feet).公开可用的信息表明，大多数探地武器的深度不能超过 40 米（130 英尺）。
But with the recent rapid development of technology, existing safety standards may be outdated and have “severely underestimated the actual impact” of nuclear weapons, said Li Jie, lead project scientist with the Army Engineering University of PLA in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, in a paper published in the peer-reviewed Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering last week.
但随着近期技术的快速发展，现有的安全标准可能已经过时，并且“严重低估了核武器的实际影响”，江苏省南京市解放军工程大学首席项目科学家李杰表示。上周发表在同行评审的《中国岩石力学与工程杂志》上的论文。
According to some calculations by Chinese researchers based on underground nuclear testing data and computer simulation, the destruction caused by a nuclear bunker buster using the latest technology could reach three to 10 times deeper underground than previously thought.
根据中国研究人员根据地下核试验数据和计算机模拟的一些计算，使用最新技术的核掩体破坏者造成的破坏可能比以前想象的要深三到十倍。
If carefully planned, a tactical nuclear warhead could trigger seismic activity which would release total energy up to 1,000 times that produced by the weapon itself, causing irreparable damage to infrastructure far from the detonation site, Li and his colleagues said.
李和他的同事说，如果精心计划，战术核弹头可能引发地震活动，释放的总能量高达武器本身产生的 1000 倍，对远离引爆地点的基础设施造成无法弥补的损害。
Major nuclear powers have a growing interest in small-yield bunker busters because these weapons produce little or no radioactive fallout to pollute the environment.
主要核大国对小当量的掩体破坏者越来越感兴趣，因为这些武器产生的放射性沉降物很少或根本不会污染环境。
The latest model of the US B61 nuclear bomb, under development since 2019, has a yield ranging from 0.3 to 50 kilotons – just a fraction of the power of conventional nuclear weapons, according to the Federation of American Scientists in Washington.
据华盛顿的美国科学家联合会称，自 2019 年以来正在开发的最新型号的美国 B61 核弹的当量从 0.3 到 50 公斤不等——这只是常规核武器威力的一小部分。
These relatively “clean” nuclear weapons can be delivered by hypersonic missile to evade missile defence systems and hit the same strategic target – such as government and military headquarters far behind battle lines – multiple times.
这些相对“干净”的核武器可以通过高超音速导弹发射，以躲避导弹防御系统，多次打击同一个战略目标——例如远离战线的政府和军事总部。
Replicating a nuclear bunker-busting process in a laboratory has several challenges, according to Li.
The shock waves produced by a nuclear explosion were not only powerful but their shapes changed as the waves went through the ground, the team said, adding that a suitable simulating platform required the right waves to arrive at the right place at the right time – a difficult achievement.
据李说，在实验室中复制核掩体破坏过程有几个挑战。
研究小组表示，核爆炸产生的冲击波不仅强大，而且随着波浪穿过地面，它们的形状也会发生变化，并补充说，合适的模拟平台需要正确的波浪在正确的时间到达正确的位置——一个很难达到的成就。
Li and his colleagues found that a tunnel buried 2km deep would be squeezed by the rocks around it with the average stress reaching more than 600kg (1,300lbs) per square centimetre (0.2 square inches).
李和他的同事们发现，埋在 2 公里深的隧道会被周围的岩石挤压，平均应力达到每平方厘米（0.2 平方英寸）超过 600 公斤（1,300 磅）。
In the scale model testing facility, sample blocks of various rock types were put into a machine applying pressure from all sides, with high-strength liquid-filled capsules placed between the plates and rock samples.
在比例模型测试设施中，将各种岩石类型的样品块放入机器中，从四面八方施加压力，在板和岩石样品之间放置高强度液体填充胶囊。
The rocks were pressed over a long period until the structure stabilised before a tunnel could be bored slowly into the rocks to create a bunker.
岩石被压了很长时间，直到结构稳定下来，然后才能慢慢地在岩石中钻孔以形成掩体。
A heavy metal bullet would be fired at the rocks from above, simulating the blast of a nuclear warhead with a yield up to 200 kilotons.
一颗重金属子弹将从上方向岩石发射，模拟核弹头的爆炸，当量高达 200 千吨。
The results of some initial experiments at the facility suggested that a popular theory used to design most nuclear-proof bunkers around the world could be wrong, according to Li’s team.
据李的团队称，该设施的一些初步实验结果表明，用于设计世界上大多数防核掩体的流行理论可能是错误的。
The theory assumed the Earth’s crust was, more or less, one piece and that the shocks from a nuclear blast travelled in the ground like waves in water, losing energy as their distance increased.
该理论假设地壳或多或少是一体的，核爆炸产生的冲击像水中的波浪一样在地面传播，随着距离的增加而失去能量。
But the test results showed that the shock waves could “jump” from one location to another, ultimately passing the destructive energy farther than previously thought possible.
但测试结果表明，冲击波可以从一个位置“跳跃”到另一个位置，最终将破坏性能量传递得比以前认为的更远。
Data from the experiments could lead to a more accurate mathematical model to predict how severely an underground facility would be damaged under multiple nuclear strikes and what measures could be taken to reduce the destruction, according to the researchers.
研究人员表示，来自实验的数据可能会产生一个更准确的数学模型，以预测地下设施在多次核打击下的破坏程度，以及可以采取哪些措施来减少破坏。
China has maintained a nuclear stockpile smaller than those in the United States and Russia and Beijing has said that it would not use a nuclear weapon unless China came under attack.
中国的核储备比美国和俄罗斯的要少，北京表示，除非中国受到攻击，否则不会使用核武器。
But to retaliate, its nuclear forces would need to survive the first wave of attack.
In January, five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council issued a rare joint statement declaring that “a nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought” and must be avoided to the best of their ability.
但要进行报复，其核力量需要在第一波攻击中幸存下来。
1月，联合国安理会五个常任理事国罕见发表联合声明，宣布“核战争是打不赢的，决不能打”，必须尽其所能避免。