门德尔松第三,第四交响曲
1．门德尔松第三交响曲 - 全曲共4个乐章：
1．奏鸣曲式，序奏为稍快的行板，A小调，主题哀婉地由双簧管与中提琴表现，宛如对古堡的叹息。主部为略为激动的快板，A小调，第一主题仍带忧郁，为苏格兰舞 曲风格。这个主题加强后，进入灿烂的合奏表现的副主题，气氛转变后，进入灿烂的合奏表现的副主题，气氛转变后，单簧管以E小调表现第二主题。第二主题与第 一主题交叉后，轻松地推进，结束呈示部。发展部两个主题变化而发展，再现部两个主题的原型再现。终结部先情绪激昂地进入高潮，静止后序奏的行板旋律犹如回 忆而再现。
2．不太快的活泼的快板，F大调、奏鸣曲式，有谐谑曲性格。以苏格兰民族舞曲风格的第一主题为中心，与朴素的第二主题形成对比。呈示部后，发展部与再现部以规则的形式进行，舞曲风格的主题呈现欢快的节奏。
3．慢板，简单的奏鸣曲形式，在D小调短小的序奏后，进入A大调主部。第一主题由小提琴表达，充满忧郁，单簧管则以阴郁的形态表现第二主题。在极短的发展部呈示后，第一、二主题追忆般地重现，似乎是对古堡周围景色与古堡氛围的回顾。
4．最活泼的快板，A小调，奏鸣曲式。一开始就表现富有激情的第一主题，第二主题同样充满活力。长大的终结部后半部为很庄严的快板，A大调，类似苏格兰民歌的旋律，色彩无比灿烂。这一乐章据说采自爱丁堡风笛演奏军乐的印象.
摘自《百度百科》
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The Symphony No. 4 in A major, Op. 90, commonly known as the Italian,[1] is an orchestral symphony written by German composer Felix Mendelssohn (1809–1847).
The work has its origins, like the composer's Scottish Symphony and the orchestral overture The Hebrides (Fingal's Cave), in the tour of Europe which occupied Mendelssohn from 1829 to 1831. Its inspiration is the colour and atmosphere of Italy, where Mendelssohn made sketches but left the work incomplete: "This is Italy! And now has begun what I have always thought to be the supreme joy in life. And I am loving it. Today was so rich that now, in the evening, I must collect myself a little, and so I am writing to you to thank you, dear parents, for having given me all this happiness." In February he wrote from Rome to his sister Fanny: The ‘Italian’ symphony is making great progress. It will be the jolliest piece I have ever done, especially the last movement. I have not found anything for the slow movement yet, and I think that I will save that for Naples.” The Italian Symphony was finished in Berlin, 13 March 1833, in response to an invitation for a symphony from the London (now Royal) Philharmonic Society; he conducted the first performance himself in London on 13 May 1833, at a London Philharmonic Society concert. The symphony's success, and Mendelssohn's popularity, influenced the course of British music for the rest of the century.[3] However, Mendelssohn remained unsatisfied with the composition, which cost him, he said, some of the bitterest moments of his career; he revised it in 1837[4] and even planned to write alternate versions of the second, third, and fourth movements. He never published the symphony, which only appeared in print in 1851,[5] after his death.
The piece is scored for 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, timpani and strings.
It is in four movements: 1. Allegro vivace 2. Andante con moto 3. Con moto moderato 4. Saltarello: Presto
The joyful first movement, in sonata form, is followed by an impression in D minor of a religious procession the composer witnessed in Naples. The third movement is a minuet in which French Horns are introduced in the trio, while the final movement (which is in the minor key throughout) incorporates dance figurations from the Roman saltarello and the Neapolitan tarantella. It is among the first large multi-movement works to begin in a major key and end in the tonic minor, another example being Brahms's first piano trio.
--from Wikipedia