The American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act of 1998 contains a provision that allows payment of honoraria and associated incidental expenses to B-1 and B-2 visa holders for "usual academic activity," provided that the services do not exceed nine days at a single institution. The payment must be offered by an institution of higher education, a nonprofit organization affiliated with an institution of higher education, or anonprofit or a governmental research organization. These visa holders also cannot accept honoraria and/or incidental expenses from more than five such institutions or organizations in the previous six-month period.