赌城看客2021-04-12 00:30:50

2005年,《科学》在其创刊125周年之际,公布了125个最具挑战性的科学问题。这些问题涵盖地球科学、能源、宇宙领域,并涉及数学与计算机科学、政治与经济、能源、环境和人口等领域,至今仍有积极广泛的影响。

此次是上海交大为建校125周年与《科学》联合推出了新的125个问题,包括:数学、化学、医学与健康、生命科学、天文学、物理学、信息科学、工程与材料科学、神经科学、生态学、能源科学、人工智能等学科。

这里只摘录医学与健康、生命科学和神经科学部分。原文请见:科学杂志

Medicine & Health 医学与健康

我们可以预测下一次流行病吗?
Can we predict the next pandemic?

我们会找到治疗感冒的方法吗?
Will we ever find a cure for the common cold?

我们可以设计和制造出为个人定制的药物吗?
Can we design and manufacture medicines customized for individual people?

人体组织或器官可以完全再生吗?
Can a human tissue or organ be fully regenerated?

如何维持和调节免疫稳态?
How is immune homeostasis maintained and regulated?

中医的经络系统有科学依据吗?
Is there a scientific basis to the Meridian System in traditional Chinese medicine?

下一代疫苗将如何生产?
How will the next generation of vaccines be made?

我们能否克服抗生素耐药性?
Can we ever overcome antibiotic resistance?

自闭症的病因是什么?
What is the etiology of autism?

我们的微生物组在健康和疾病中扮演什么角色?
What role does our microbiome play in health and disease?

异种移植能否解决供体器官的短缺问题?
Can xenotransplantation solve the shortage of donor organs?

Biology 生命科学

什么可以帮助保护海洋?
What could help conservation of the oceans?

我们可以阻止自己衰老吗?
Can we stop ourselves from aging?

为什么只有一些细胞会变成其他细胞?
Why can only some cells become other cells?

为什么有些基因组非常大而另一些却很小?
Why are some genomes so big and others very small?

有可能治愈所有癌症吗?
Will it be possible to cure all cancers?

哪些基因使我们人类与众不同?
What genes make us uniquely human?

迁徙动物如何知道它们要去哪里?
How do migratory animals know where they’re going?

地球上有多少物种?
How many species are there on Earth?

有机体是如何进化的?
How do organisms evolve?

为什么恐龙长得如此之大?
Why did dinosaurs grow to be so big?

远古人类是否曾与其他类人祖先杂交?
Did ancient humans interbreed with other human-like ancestors?

人类为什么会对猫狗如此着迷?
Why do humans get so attached to dogs and cats?

世界人口会无限增长吗?
Will the world’s population keep growing indefinitely?

我们为什么会停止生长?
Why do we stop growing?

能否复活灭绝生物?
Is de-extinction possible?

人类可以冬眠吗?
Can humans hibernate?

人类的情感源于何处?
Where do human emotions originate?

未来人类的外貌会有所不同吗?
Will humans look physically different in the future?

为什么会发生物种大爆发和大灭绝?
Why were there species explosions and mass extinction?

基因组编辑将如何用于治疗疾病?
How might genome editing be used to cure disease?

可以人工合成细胞吗?
Can a cell be artificially synthesized?

细胞内的生物分子是如何组织从而有序有效发挥作用的?
How are biomolecules organized in cells to function orderly and effectively?

Neuroscience 神经科学

神经元放电序列的编码准则是什么?
What are the coding principles embedded in neuronal spike trains?

意识存在于何处?
Where does consciousness lie?

能否数字化地存储、操控和移植人类记忆?
Can human memory be stored, manipulated, and transplanted digitally?

为什么我们需要睡眠?
Why do we need sleep?

什么是成瘾?
What is addiction and how does it work?

为什么我们会坠入爱河?
Why do we fall in love?

言语如何演变形成,大脑的哪些部分对其进行控制?
How did speech evolve and what parts of the brain control it?

除人类以外的其他动物有多聪明?
How smart are nonhuman animals?

为什么大多数人都是右撇子?
Why are most people right-handed?

我们可以治愈神经退行性疾病吗?
Can we cure neurodegenerative diseases?

有可能预知未来吗?
Is it possible to predict the future?

精神障碍能否有效诊断和治疗?
Can we more effectively diagnose and treat complex mental disorders?