EDAR V370A
在距今三万年前的西伯利亚至黑龙江流域,早期到来人们面临最近一个冰川末期冰天雪地的环境,生存不易。寒冷的天气让人们穿起了兽皮,遮盖着大部分的皮肤,阳光不足,维生素D的合成不足,新生儿得到的营养有限,存活下来的不多。
然而长生天在这个时候赐给这群人中的一个上面提到的基因突变。这个突变使人出现铲型门齿,汗腺密度增加,头发粗壮。对妇女而言,这个突变更带来小而结实的乳腺,并且乳腺管道分叉,能够更有效率地把母体的营养输送给婴儿,使婴儿得到足够的营养(如维生素D)而存活下来的可能性大增。
有了这个突变的东北亚人的后代突破了一个生存繁衍的瓶颈,在东北亚的大地上生存下来并不断扩展生存空间,成这片土地的主人。
如今93%的汉族人携带这个突变,而白人和黑人则几乎不携带这个突变。
可以想象,有熊国的后裔带着西亚通过大草原通道传来的车马和青铜器南下的时候,手持竹签木棍的黎民的确没有什么能阻挡这个基因突变的传播。
参考
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectodysplasin_A_receptor?
A derived G-allele point mutation (SNP) with pleiotropic effects in EDAR, 370A or rs3827760, found in most modern East Asians and Native Americans but not common in African or European populations, is thought to be one of the key genes responsible for a number of differences between these populations, including the thicker hair, more numerous sweat glands, smaller breasts, and the Sinodont dentition (so-called shovel incisors) characteristic of East Asians.[9] It has been hypothesized that natural selection favored this allele during the last ice age in a population of people living in isolation in Beringia, as it may play a role in the synthesis of breast milk under Vitamin D-poor conditions.[10][11][12] The 370A mutation arose in humans approximately 30,000 years ago, and now is found in 93% of Han Chinese and in the majority of people in nearby Asian populations. This mutation is also implicated in ear morphology differences and reduced chin protrusion.[13] The derived G-allele is a mutation of the ancestral A-allele, the version found in most modern non-East Asian and non-Native American populations