-非圣-2021-05-08 18:12:04

Google 的机器翻译:

加州黄金的消息大约在1849年到达中国。在两年之内,有25,000名中国移民前往加利福尼亚寻找“金山”。

这些中国人中的大多数希望为自己的家庭赚钱,然后返回家园。中国许多人太穷了,无法负担粮食或耕地。局部战争和农作物歉收使生活更加艰难。

但是,当中国移民到达加利福尼亚时,大多数易于开采的黄金都已经消失了。因此,新移民在以前的矿工已经放弃的矿场里一起工作。中国矿工们下定了决心,他们通过辛勤工作发现了财富。

美国矿工嫉妒。他们说服州政府对外国矿工征税。美国矿工还利用威胁和暴力手段将中国人赶出了地雷。

许多中国人找到了帮助建设第一条跨洲铁路的工作。中央太平洋铁路公司(Central Pacific Railroad Company)正在从加利福尼亚萨克拉曼多(Sacramento)向东铺设轨道。太平洋联合铁路公司从内布拉斯加州向西建造。随着时间的流逝,几乎所有中太平洋的工人都是中国人。他们表现出特殊的打球技巧。一位船员老板报告说,中国工人总是比其他船员走得更远。

然而,中国铁路工人的收入却比其他工人低,但他们的工作时间更长,任务更艰巨。有时他们不得不在坚硬的岩石上雕刻隧道。他们用绳索将自己降低到悬崖边上,并在岩石上钻了一些洞。然后,他们将火药放在孔中并在孔中融化,然后将岩石吹走。

绳子可能会断裂,或者火药粉可能爆炸得太早。两种事故均导致工人死亡。在冬天,许多工人因寒冷或下雪而丧生。

横贯大陆的铁路于1869年完工。那时中国人不得不寻找新的赚钱方式。一些人开了商店,而另一些人则作为农民和渔民。但是许多美国白人仍然将华人视为外国人,因为华人看上去不同,风俗习惯不同,语言不同。一些美国人指责中国工人以较低的工资从他们那里拿走工作。许多中国工人被迫离开城镇,有的甚至被杀害。

1882年,国会通过了《排华法案》,以回应对华人的这种愤怒。排斥意味着将某人拒之门外。法律禁止大多数中国移民进入美国。中国公民被允许像以往一样自由地进入美国,已经过去了很多年。

 

News of California gold reached China in about 1849. Within two years, 25,000 Chinese immigrants had sailed to California, looking for the “Gold Mountain.”

Most of these Chinese hoped to earn money for their families and then return home. Many people in China were too poor to afford food or farmland. Local wars and crop failures made life even harder.

But by the time Chinese immigrants arrived in California, most of the gold that was easy to mine was gone. So the newcomers worked together in mines that earlier miners had given up on. The Chinese miners were determined, and they found riches through their hard work.

American miners were jealous. They convinced the state government to place a tax on foreign miners. American miners also used threats and violence to push the Chinese away from the mines.

Many Chinese found work helping to build the first transcontinental railroad. The Central Pacific Railroad Company was laying track east from Sacramento, California. The Union Pacific Railroad Company was building west from Nebraska. In time, nearly all the Central Pacific's workers were Chinese. They showed particular skill at laying track. One crew boss reported that Chinese workers always laid more track than other crews.

Yet, Chinese railroad workers earned less than other workers while working longer and doing more dangerous tasks. Sometimes they had to carve tunnels through solid rock. Using ropes, they lowered themselves down the sides of cliffs and drilled holes in the rock. They would then set gunpowder and fuses in the holes before blowing the rock away.

The ropes could break, or the gun powder could explode too soon. Both types of accidents killed workers. And in winter, many workers died due to the cold or snow.

The transcontinental railroad was completed in 1869. The Chinese then had to find new ways to earn money. Some opened stores, while others worked as farmers and fishermen. But many white Americans still saw the Chinese as foreigners because the Chinese looked different, had different customs, and spoke a different language. Some Americans accused Chinese workers of taking jobs away from them for less pay. Many Chinese workers were forced to leave their towns, and some were even killed.

In 1882, Congress responded to this anger toward the Chinese, by passing the Chinese Exclusion Act. Exclusion means keeping someone out. The law stopped most Chinese immigrants from entering the United States. Many years passed before Chinese citizens were allowed to enter the United States as freely as they had before.