十具2021-08-29 07:17:37

“An unsuitable and degraded diet? Part two: realities of the mid-Victorian diet”,Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine,J R Soc Med. 2008 Jul 1; 101(7): 350–357.

该研究把维多利亚中期的英国劳工阶级,按收入分成了高、中、低三档。

最低的一档:每周家庭收入低于1英镑,夫妻或单亲带2~3个孩子。

即便如此低的收入,肉类仍然是食物中一个重要角色,但不可能是大块烤肉的形式。周日晚餐一般有肉块,内脏炖洋葱,配菜有胡萝卜,土豆,白菜或菜蓟,还有羊脂糕点。周一吃周日剩下的炖肉,加面包和色拉。周二、周三是带骨的肉汤,加蔬菜和饺子(dumplings)。周四经常是动物油脂煮的大米或扁豆和洋葱。周五是鲱鱼(很便宜,1便士2条)或鱼头汤。周六常吃油炸的内脏,如牛肾。天天主食是面包。也有简单的甜食,比如面包屑和姜末做的苹果饼。夏天有新鲜水果,樱桃又多又便宜。

茶是日常的饮料。最穷的人也喝咖啡,只不过是菊苣和咖啡的混合物。早餐是面包,偶尔会有黄油。午餐是面包夹芝士或西洋菜。上半周,手头宽裕一点,还可以加一碗街边小摊卖的汤。

 

最高的一档(熟练技工):每周家庭收入3~4英磅,夫妻带3~4个孩子。

除了住房,交通,取暖,他们可以每周花1.2~2英镑买食物,吃的就相当好了。细节我就不翻译了:

“At this level of income it would be usual to have a roast dinner on Sunday, eaten cold on Monday with bought pickles, and cooked up in a form such as a curry on Tuesday. Typically a dish such as a steamed meat suet pudding would be served midweek, eaten cold the next day. Fish was commonly consumed on Friday and a quick meal such as pork chops or fried beefsteak would be served on Saturday. At all these meals, vegetables (in season) would be an important bulking feature: not just potatoes but onions (because of their cheapness), carrots, Jerusalem artichokes and green vegetables from cabbage to green beans. Desserts were also regularly served, often fruit or dairy-based – apple pies, rice or tapioca puddings, stewed or fresh fruit like gooseberries or cherries, in season. Tea with milk and often sugar was a common drink, with (black) coffee being served more rarely and generally at breakfast. Table (watered-down) beer was often served, especially to men.

Breakfast generally involved eggs (boiled or fried) on a Sunday, and possibly midweek, or porridge, made with milk; though by the end of the week that milk might well be half and half with water. Bread was served, usually toasted, possibly with butter and bought preserves like jam. Lunch generally took the form of sandwiches with paste, left-over meat, or watercress and cheese, commonly bought as cheap street food. Soup made from meat and vegetables, along with meat or vegetable pies and ham and watercress sandwiches, were street staples readily bought at this income level.“

作者在结论中说,维多利亚中期,即便对那些经济状况处于底层的家庭,他们的营养状况也达到乃至超越了今天的标准(考虑到当时都是有机食品,而且由于没有冰箱,人们都吃新鲜的)。

“…for those at the bottom of the economic scale there will have been additional difficulties due to financial instability. Nevertheless, the picture that emerges of mid-Victorian nutrition is remarkably positive, and one that matches or surpasses modern nutritional recommendations. If health benefits accrue from improved nutrition, as so many recent studies suggest, the mid-Victorians should have enjoyed a generally high standard of physical well-being.”

老生常谈122021-08-29 10:01:07
好像1837年-1901年英国没有掠夺全世界,没有殖民全世界似的
borisg2021-08-29 11:01:03
你这个文章写得过于ROSY了。穷人食物丰富多彩,简直吃得比我还要好啊。
borisg2021-08-29 11:05:08
照你这说法,中国工业产品出口全世界,现在是中国在掠夺世界啊。
borisg2021-08-29 11:13:29
人民公社艰苦奋斗管个P用,分田到户也管个P用,管用的是引入先进技术工业化创造就业机会。
曾在庄里2021-08-29 11:28:07
你这话说的好。包产到户产量肯定比公社化要高,但单纯指望农业,也就是让大家刚刚吃饱,也许能吃个白面馒头,但天天有肉吃
borisg2021-08-29 13:34:47
英国在1900年左右人民生活水平提高较显著,食品价格下降,主要是有美国和澳大利亚进口的廉价食品,当时英国工业还是有竞争力的。
十具2021-08-29 13:39:10
JRSM是医学期刊,作者有可能取证有偏,想说明,英国的营养水平自维多利亚中期以来,无大的改善。另一方面,左派也可能夸大
十具2021-08-29 13:43:14
对,英国当时工业,科技优势明显,经济竞争力强是主因。剥削殖民地也是有的。
英二2021-08-29 14:43:52
工业链顶端,中国没有到这个水平,
十具2021-08-29 15:21:22
有研究讨论1750年,中国北方人最低温饱所需的一篮子物资 vs 欧洲的对等一篮子,以及两地物价和工资(银计量)的对比。
十具2021-08-29 15:57:07
以粮为纲,苦干蛮干,越干越穷,这是被历史反复证明了的(郭松义,社科院历史研究所)
gweipwu2021-08-29 16:25:31
不要忘记:中国今天能有今天的成功-----------》》》艰苦奋斗的精神使然也。正是这一点,而且中国人如果能够继续保持这一点那
欲千北2021-08-29 16:49:39
1844年,这个英国工人属于低收入阶层,7口之家,每天有牛奶喝,能每周吃一次肉,不错了。~毛时代的公社干部。
十具2021-08-29 16:57:15
汉人基因里就有艰苦奋斗。投资界有句话,永远不要低估汉人发财致富的冲动。邓小平有什么经济诀窍?他不过是给了那点啥。。。
chufang2021-08-29 17:02:43
有个理论,英国老太太爱养猫,这样田鼠少了,结果三叶草茂盛了,而牛吃了草长肥了,这样英国人就可以多吃牛肉而体格强壮。
chufang2021-08-29 17:03:13
因此英国的强盛是由于老太太养猫。
欲千北2021-08-29 17:05:52
这个对比数据说明问题。我插队的地方,普通农民一年大约吃3~6次肉(春节,中秋,+ 其他),小于等于3kg.
十具2021-08-29 18:19:52
这篇论文说,华北每人每年3米布是御寒的底线。毛时代每人每年发布票3~7尺,全国都是新三年,旧三年,缝缝补补又三年。50年
Mount-ex2021-08-29 18:39:44
历史上那个时期的农业技术不知道, 但1950-1975,世界的农业技术足以使多数国家有足够的粮食。中国的挨饿是恶政、暴政导致的
老生常谈122021-08-29 18:42:44
中国没有用武力掠夺世界资源
insoine22021-08-29 18:46:08
我记得英国在工业革命前就有个农业革命了,主要是畜牧业大发展。
insoine22021-08-29 18:48:26
嗯,东亚文化中固有的刻苦勤劳特点。
最接近太阳的人2021-08-29 21:10:07
哈哈,合理的因果关系.
十具2021-08-29 21:53:16
殖民主义血腥,不道义,是西方的历史污点。但是蒸汽机、动力纺纱机械与印度的香料,非洲的黑奴有关系吗?你愿意花60倍的价钱买土布
十具2021-08-29 23:39:01
毛军事上迷信不计代价的惨胜,殊不知经济上by definition就没这回事。小农经济吝啬资本,但也绝不会人海战术,浪费劳力。毛
大江川2021-08-29 23:45:09
P话1堆。能不能学点逻辑?当个正常的红2。
planet2021-08-30 01:10:15
中国有文字记载的历史约3千多年吧? 期间中国版图不断变化, '没有用武力掠夺世界资源'的说法有点复杂。